English is a dominant and universal language. It has spread widely and spoken all over the world. English language is somehow a complicated language and it needs plenty of effective and useful methodologies for students to acquire it and speak it fluently. 

Many students had experienced different sets of methods and approaches throughout their educational journey. Some of them are sorted under the effective aspects and methods of teaching others might not be that much effective and sometimes they would be ineffective at all.


 Those effective and ineffective methods of teaching that teachers usually advocate and use in their classrooms shape how students acquire the English language and how fluent and accurate they become in it. That`s why we usually stress and shed the light on using effective methods that might come in handy in making students easily acquire the language. 


Although there are many useful methods that most teachers work on and advocate, however the most intelligent teachers are those who are eclectic in their own way of choosing the teaching methods and those who take the best and powerful aspects from each method and combine them together to come up with their own teaching method

As we all know, all the sounds in English are classified and organized into different classes based on the sound`s place and manner. The study of speech sounds and how sounds are organized and used in a language is called phonology. 

Phonology is one of the language systems that children need to acquire and learn in order to speak and communicate using the language correctly in different life domains. All Children pass through the same phonological stages while acquiring the speech sounds that are presented in the language. However, some of them undergo and experience some phonological delays that might hinder their way of acquiring the sounds correctly. But phonological delays are a very natural thing in the world and it`s distinctly connected to humans` being nature. 

In fact, these delays show that the child is learning and developing. It shows his progress and development while acquiring the language. As children learn and acquire the sounds in a language they make systematic errors and experience phonological delays. For example, speakers of English language might say “ben” instead of “pen”,   “boken” rather than “broken” and “zis”  rather than “this”

They tend to overgeneralize these phonological patterns and processes but later they recover from such generalization through exposure, practice and increased hours of instruction. however, these phonological delays are considered a natural result of the fact that no one can learn or acquire a language without making any speech errors.

Counselors are the body of knowledge, the source of input, the code of ethics and the key for many closed doors. If you are a counselor, you will see yourself many times counseling and teaching at the same time. Counseling is considered as one of world`s harsh, tough and challenging career. It requires penitence and wisdom. You are viewed as the salvation of your students in which you will relief their lives. 

 Textbooks are a collection of knowledge, concepts, materials and principles of a selected topic that are usually written by specialists, professionals and experts in education. They are a core part of the curriculum. However, this can`t deny the fact that textbooks may fail to arouse students` interest or accomplish the course goals. 
 
 Regarding of the importance of textbooks in teaching, we can say that textbooks are teachers` arsenals that can serve different purposes in which they facilitate the learning process and make it easier, clearer and faster. In addition, it provides confidence and security for both teachers and students in which they credit source information and make it more reliable. Also it offers an organized pattern of information and material that are presented to students. Furthermore, textbooks are tools used by teachers to give directions and guide discussion which indeed save time and assist teachers in planning as well as in managing classrooms. 

Despite all the advantages that textbooks present for teachers, however sometimes they fail to attain the course goals and help students actually learn. In fact, this obliges educators who bluntly follow textbooks and dependently rely on them to often look for the quality of the content, format and the appropriateness of these books in terms of the students` level, vocabs, and ethnic and gender biases.